アンコンシャスバイアス：思い込みの罠

メンタル・イデア・ラボの本城ハルです。

いきなりですが、あなたには下の図が何に見えるでしょうか？

多くの人は【黒い背景に白い盃】のように見えると思います。しかし、眺めていると【向き合った二人の顔】にも見えてきませんか？

二つの見え方を比べてみると、【黒い背景に白い盃】と【白い背景に向き合う二人の黒い顔】というように、白と黒のどちらを主体的に見るかでまったく異なる形に見えてきます。

この現象を【図一地反転】といい、見方によって異なる形に見えるものを【多義図形(反転図形)】と呼びます。また、見えていた盃が顔の形に見えてくると、盃は姿を消してしまい、両者を同時に見ることはできません。

この“ルビンの盃”と呼ばれる絵は、実は何の絵でもなく無意味な線の集合です。それが意味を持ち図形(絵)として意味づけされるのは、大脳での処理の結果なのです。

私たちの【見る】という働きは、刺激を固定的、普遍的に取り込み、それだけで明確に判断できなければ主観的なイメージが大きく作用します。

多義図形がどう見えるかは

見る人のその時の心的な構え、期待、関心、注意、欲求などさまざまな要因

によって左右されます。

アンコンシャスバイアス(思い込み)などによる他者との意見の食い違いやズレはこんなところからも生まれ、対人関係にヒビが入ることもあるのです。

◇

自分には自分の視点、他者には他社の視点があり、それぞれ認知も違うということを、

あえて意識する、

これが大切です。

『自分はそうじゃない(そうは思わない)から、他者もきっとそう思わないだろう(思わないに違いない、思わないに決まっている)』という“(経験則からくる)自分常識”は、実はとても危険な考えで、カチコチに固まった偏った認知になっています。

私はフルーツやほとんどのスイーツは苦手なのですが、大概、「美味しいのに何で食べないの？」「変わってる」「女性は普通、スイーツ好きなものでしょ？」や、しまいには「好き嫌い多いよね」というトンチンカンな反応に遭うことがあります。

“女性はフルーツが好き、スイーツが好き”という『(女性ならば)自分もそうだし、大多数はそうだろう』というアンコンシャスバイアスからきていますよね。

なぜフルーツが苦手だから食べないというだけで「変わってる」と言われ、しまいには「好き嫌いが多い」と言われなければならないのか謎です(笑)

ピーマンが嫌い、ニンジンは食べられない、中華はちょっと・・・と言っているならまだしも、フルーツになると「好き嫌いが多い」と決めつけられる・・・不快にはなりませんが『そんな認知しか持てないなんてカワイソウな人・・・』になります。

知らず知らずに陥っている罠、それがアンコンシャスバイアスです。

無意識にあえて意識を向けることで気づけることもありますので、ぜひ心掛けてみてください。

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