メディエーター介入によるトラブル解決法とは？

メンタル・イデア・ラボの本城ハルです。

今回は人間関係においてつきまとう、さまざまな“トラブル”について、ひとりひとりが身につけておくと良いだろうスキルについてお話します。

第三者に介入してもらい（第三者として介入し）ながら、冷静に解決していくためのルールや心構えを

【ＡＬ’Ｓ（アルス）の法則】

といいます。

これは当事者同士でトラブルを解決しようとして感情的なぶつかり合いが起き、さらに悪化するだけでなく『そもそものトラブル原因って何だったっけ？』と訳がわからなくなって互いに嫌な感情だけを残す、このような本末転倒なことにならないために身に着けておくスキルで、何かの時に参考になると思います。

当事者同士だけでなく、どちらにも片寄らない（偏らない）メディエーター（第三者）が入り、話し合うことで解決を試みることはとても理にかなっています。

ただ当たり前ですが、

誰にメディエーターとして介入してもらうか

が重要になります。弁護士による介入はよく耳にすると思いますが、弁護士に依頼するほどのことではなかったり、職場における人間関係だったりすると、弁護士による介入が果たして現実的かと言えば、そうとは言えないケースがありますよね。むしろそういうケースのほうが日常的に多いのではないでしょうか。

仮に弁護士に依頼したとしても相手も弁護士に依頼すれば、結果弁護士同士の話し合いとなり、その時点で弁護士はメディエーターとは言えず、また弁護士は依頼者の利益を法的に最大限引き出すことが仕事ですから、そういう観点からもメディエーターとは言い難いでしょう。

メディエーターの条件として、

感情的にならない。

対立している二人に対し和解策を見出し、サポートする気持ちを持っている。

両者の言い分を自分フィルターを掛けずに（先入観を持たず）聞くことができ、冷静に解決に導き援助する姿勢がある。

です。

おわかりのように、どちらかに肩入れする人が偏った認識で介入（例えば、恋愛問題にどちらかの友達が「私はアナタの味方だからね！」で加勢するようなケース）しようとすれば、問題はより複雑化し、取り返しのつかないことにもなりかねないので、メディエーター選び（メディエーターとしての関わり方）はかなり重要になります。

両者の間に立つメディエーターを軸に、

●Ａ（Agree）→合意する。話し合いのルールを守る。

・お互いに正直に自分の気持ちを話す。
・言葉を決して遮らず、一旦お互いに話を聞く。

●Ｌ（Listen）→傾聴する。お互いに聴き合う。

・感情や思い込みを排し、相手の話に耳を傾ける。

●Ｓ（Solve）→解決する。妥協点を探る。

・お互いに解決しようと努力する。

それぞれの頭文字を取り、【アルスの法則】といいます。

どちらかが友人の場合、自分のバイアスや感情を挟まず上手くメディエーターの役割を果たすことはとても困難です。無意識に自分が好意（思い入れ）を持つほうに引っ張られて冷静さを失いがちになるからです。それはとても自然な感情なので否定はしません。しかし、メディエーターとしては失格です。

話し合いを持つことで＜勝敗＞を決めるのでなく、“理解（相手の本意を知る）”を促し、目指すところは“和解”だからです。

いますよね「仲裁しなきゃ！」と善かれと考えて関わり、結果、引っ掻き回すだけで却って拗れて収拾がつかなくなるケース。誰でも一度は経験があると思います。

関わるな！ではありません。

【アルスの法則】を頭のどこかに置きながら、両者のために適切な介入ができることで、あなたの人間関係トラブル解決力は格段にアップします。

管理職やプロジェクトリーダー、グループリーダーなど組織の中で人をまとめる立場の人ほど【アルスの法則】を知っておいても損はないかもしれませんね。

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