メタ認知【２】

メンタル・イデア・ラボの本城ハルです。

メタ認知【２】では、メタ認知的技能についてお話します。

その前に、『認知』について少し触れておきましょう。

自己認知という言葉を聞いたことがありますか？自己認知とは、自分自身が自分の長所や短所、価値観を把握することを言います。臨床心理学や哲学では広く使われる言葉でもあります。

この自己認知、自分の強み弱みや価値観を知ることで、実は仕事にも関わりが出てくるのです。

【価値観】：これはとても抽象的な概念です。価値観を形成する要素はおおよそ１００前後あるとされており、列挙した価値観に優先順位をつけていくことで自分が大切にしている価値観の優先度を知り、自分の価値観にマッチした仕事を選択することができます。

【長所（強み）短所（弱み）】：これもまた抽象的な概念です。ただ、大学で就職活動を始めると絶対に繰り返しやらされるのが“自己分析”で、あまり真面目に自己と向き合ってこなかったウェ〜イ♪な学生たちも、自己の長所短所をざっくりでも把握できるようになります。

自己認知と関係する用語に【他者認知】【対人認知】があります。心理学では他者認知を対人認知と呼びます。

自己認知が自分自身の価値観や長所短所を把握することに対し、対人認知は他者を把握するためにさまざまな情報に基づき、その心理や内面特性を把握しようと推測する行為、と言えます。

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本題のメタ認知に入ります。

前回メタ認知には二つの種類があり、その一つであるメタ認知的知識についてお話しました。今回はもう一つの役割【メタ認知的技能】についてお話しようと思います。

認知についてどのような知識があるのかをメタ認知的知識というのに対し、認知を調整、制御する機能がメタ認知的技能になります。認知をコントロールするチカラと言えばわかりやすいでしょうか。

例を出しながらメタ認知的技能を説明していきましょう。

  • 自分は方向音痴だ（方向音痴であることを自分でわかっている←メタ認知的知識）。
  • 前もって入念にアクセス方法を調べ、時間よりかなり早めに到着できるようにする。←メタ認知的知識をもとにメタ認知的技能を使っています。

自分は忘れっぽいというメタ認知的知識が備わっていれば、対策としてメモやリマインダーを使うという対策を取ると思います。

この『自分は忘れっぽい』を自覚していること（わかっている）がメタ認知的知識、その対策にメモやリマインダーを使うこと、これがメタ認知的技能になります。

少しズレますが、パートナーに聞いたところ、なかなか面白い答えだったので載せておきます。

「自分は性悪説だ」←メタ認知的知識

「だから基本的に人は信じない」←メタ認知的技能

だそうです（笑）

案外自分のことは自分で思っているほどわからないものです。「私は思い込みが強くて他者の話を聞かないことがある」なんて、自分で認めたくないメタ認知的知識にはなかなか気付きませんし、気付こうとしないのが人という生き物です。メタ認知に目を向け、改めて自分を知ってみてはどうでしょうか。そうすれば気持ちがラクになることもあるかもしれません。

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＜運営会社：Jiyuuku Inc.＞

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