手厚い個別配慮の弊害？

⚠︎：発達障害は先天的な脳の発達の偏りなので、親の躾や環境、また、本人のせいではありません。発達障害をややこしくしているのは、無理解、無知からくる不適切な対応などでさまざまな神経症や精神疾患を併発したことによる二次障害といえます。

メンタル・イデア・ラボの本城ハルです。

このコラムでは幾度となく書いていますが、息子は重複の発達障害（ＡＤＨＤ・ＡＳＤ）です。知的（ＩＱ）には問題ないので療育手帳はありません。

日常生活に困り感を感じやすい特性をどう工夫すれば人間関係を含め学校生活が躓き少なく送れるのか？

小学校、中学校と私を中心に通級（情緒級ともいう）担任、心療クリニックの担当医、スクールカウンセラー、学内特別支援コーディネーター、教育相談員、児童相談所のケースワーカー、学校のクラス担任、学年主任、校長らとチームを組み、共通理解と情報共有、課題の洗い出しと支援計画作成のため、年２回のカンファレンスを繰り返し、合理的配慮や個別支援のスキームを作ってきました。

早い時期からの数々の個別支援や合理的配慮により、中学卒業間近の今は学校生活に支援や合理的配慮も必要なくなりました。ただそれは生徒間にはクローズド（発達障害であることを他の生徒にカミングアウトしないこと）でも、学校や関係機関にはフルオープンで周りの大人がいつでも支援できる環境を整え、息子を見守ってくれたからに他なりません。

特徴のある私立高校以外に、ほとんどの公立高校には支援級はおろか通級もありませんから、高校進学にあたり本人の成績はもちろん、私は“どの程度の個別支援／合理的配慮（きめ細やかな指導が受けられるのか）”も考えていました。

生きづらさを感じたり中学不登校児を受け入れ“きめ細やかな指導”で定評のある公立高校は、学習カリキュラムが柔軟で特徴的ですが、大学進学はあまり望めません。学校説明会に行きましたが、大学進学を強く望む息子には魅力的に映らなかったようです。

通級面談時に衝撃的な話を聞きました。

通級の先生曰く「確かに〇〇高校はきめ細やかな指導と個別支援が整っています。しかし、大学進学を視野に入れた学習カリキュラムではないことから、ほとんどの卒業生は就職という進路選択になります（ならざるを得ない）。小中高と特性に合った手厚い個別支援ときめ細やかな指導を受けて卒業した途端、いきなり社会の荒波に放り込まれるわけです。これがどういうことに繋がるかわかりますか？」と。

当たり前ですが、障害（特性）をオープンにして配慮を求めなければ、見てわからない障害に対して“今まで学校で受けてきた”ような細やかな配慮は（就職先には）ありません。実際は、わからなければ知らなければ何に困り感があるのかわからないから配慮のしようがない、のですが・・・。

あたたかいきめ細やかな支援のある居心地の良い学校生活から、いきなり配慮も支援もない社会に放り出された結果、社会不適応を起こす卒業生が少なからずいるのです。

オープン就労、クローズ就労でも違いはありますが、これに関してはまたの機会に詳しく説明したいと思います。

◇

（療育）手帳持ちでもなくクローズドで生きていきたいと考える息子は、今までのようにいつまでも支援や配慮を求めるわけにはいかないのです。困り感があることには自分で対処できるライフハックを見つけ、それでも難しいことは配慮をお願いできるコミュニケーション力が必要です。そしてそれはすべて訓練です。

入試に合格すればの話ですが、息子はこれから合理的配慮はあっても個別支援は極めて薄い公立普通高校に進学します。中学までとは違う学校生活、学習内容、人間関係。

生きづらさを今まで以上に感じ、悩むであろう高校生活が始まろうとしていますが、支援の手は少しずつ緩め、社会に飛び立つ準備に入る段階にきた、ということで本人から適切なヘルプが出ない限り私は手も口も出さず、ますます生ぬるく見守りたいと思っています。手は放しても目は離すな、という気分です。

障害特性に合った個別支援、絶対に必要な支援です。

小学校、中学校における個別支援は“自分の特性を知り、周りに配慮をお願いする時に、困り感を伝える情報ベース”になると同時に“少しでもできることを増やしていく訓練の場”、両方の面を持ち合わせています。

今まで発達障害の数々の特性を持つ我が子に必要なのは『きめ細やかな個別支援』と考えていましたが、いずれ社会に出て組織に属し就労していく将来を見据え、高校進学を機に考え方をシフトしました。

『可愛い子には旅をさせよ』、まさにこの時がきたような気がします。

手厚すぎる支援を続けることは、一歩間違えば本人の“できるようになるかもしれない”可能性を狭めてしまうことがあるのだ、と改めて深く考えました。

◇

＜運営会社：Jiyuuku Inc.＞

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