大人の発達障害／キャリアガイダンス【番外篇】

⚠︎：発達障害は先天的な脳の発達の偏りなので、親の躾や環境、また、本人のせいでもありません。発達障害をややこしくしているのは、無理解、無知からくる不適切な対応などでさまざまな神経症や精神疾患を併発したことによる二次障害といえます。

メンタル・イデア・ラボの本城ハルです。

大人の発達障害を就労という観点から考え、番外篇→前篇後篇でお話ししようと思います。

まず、背景から説明します。

２００５年の発達障害支援法に始まり、厚生労働省や文部科学省ではさまざまな法整備が進み、インクルーシブな社会に近づいてきた感があります。

発達障害という概念がなかった時代には多くが見過ごされてきましたが、グレーや軽度までを含めると今やその出現率は２０％超と言われています。

見えない障害である発達障害にはさまざまな種類・程度がありますが、診断名は同じ特性に共通項があっても、実は誰一人としてまったく同じ症状ではありません。また、この“症状”が性格なのか障害特性からくるものなのかも判断が難しいところです。

そして、発達障害は発達段階やライフステージにより症状の表れ方や当事者（周りも）の困り感は大きく変化します。

発達障害を見逃し（見過ごし）早期に適切な療育などがおこなわれなかった結果、ストレス耐性の低い発達障害者は思春期以降、二次障害などの合併症状が表れることが増加し、複雑化することで根底にある発達障害がわかりづらくなり、社会生活に困り感が表れるケースが続出しています。

療育をおこなったからといって、不得手なものが得意になることはありませんが、少なくとも自分を理解することで、得手不得手を知り対策を立てられるようになったり、周りに適切にヘルプを求められるようになることで、生きづらさを軽減することができます。

何でもできて完璧なスーパーマンのような人はいないことを考えると、軽い脳機能障害や偏りといった凸凹は誰にでも多少は当てはまるものなので、発達　障害と呼ぶより

【発達アンバランス症候群】

と表現したほうが、おかしな誤解や偏見を生まないためにも良いかもしれませんね。

発達障害（グレー含）があるとストレス耐性が低いことはお話ししました。しかし、ストレス耐性の低さだけでなく、二次障害を併発しやすいリスクファクターというものがあります。

  • さまざまな依存（スマートフォン、ゲーム、インターネットなど）
  • 保護者（主に父親）の発達障害、保護者（主に母親）の精神疾患や神経症
  • 催眠サイクルの乱れ
  • 保護者や家族が障害に否定的で認めず、ネガティブ発言が多い
  • 両親不和、嫁姑問題、兄弟不和などの機能不全家族
  • 抑圧的、反対に無関心な育成態度
  • 学校生活の不安（嫌がらせやいじめ、家庭との連携不備）

などです。

自分が自分らしく安心できる安全地帯がない、というのが読み取れると思います。これでは発達障害であろうと定型であろうと関係なく何らかのメンタル不調を抱えるように思えますね。

次回【前篇】では適職不適職〜発達障害キャリアガイダンスについてお話しします。

◇

＜運営会社：Jiyuuku Inc.＞

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