ゲシュタルト療法【1】

メンタル・イデア・ラボの本城ハルです。

今回から2回にわたり、ゲシュタルト療法についてお話しします。

ゲシュタルト療法はドイツ系ユダヤ人の精神科医、フレデリック・パールズにより提唱された心理療法です。ゲシュタルトとはドイツ語で“統合”という意味ですが、心理学的には“全体のまとまり”という意味で使います。

以前のコラムでゲシュタルト崩壊をテーマにしたことがあるので、覚えている方もいるかもしれません。

参考コラム

ゲシュタルト療法にはエンプティチェア、ドリームワーク、ロールプレイなどがありますが、今回はその中でエンプティチェアの技法を取り上げます。

カウンセリング現場では、じっくり自分の内面と向き合ってみたい、なぜかモヤモヤと気分が晴れない、過去に捉われて今に目を向けられずツラいというPTSDを抱える人にエンプティチェアをおこなっています。

フロイトなどほとんどの精神分析的心理療法では、その人自身の過去にフォーカスし治療をしていくのに対し、ゲシュタルト療法では“今ここ”の気付きや、現在解決できずにいるツラさの元になっている問題を取り出し、再体験していくことにより全体性の回復を目指していく心理療法になります。

皆さんは【ルビンの壺】をご存じですか?

ルビンの壺
参考コラム

ゲシュタルト療法では多義図形の考え方がベースになります。

ルビンの壺のように両方の見方ができないと、どちらか一方からの見方しかできないということで、それが心の柔軟性を失わせることに繋がり、モヤモヤを抱えたり生きづらさを生み出していきます。心の柔軟性を取り戻していくというのがゲシュタルト心理学の考え方になります。

“エンプティチェア”を直訳すると『空の椅子』になりますが、太ももプルプルさせる空気椅子という意味ではありませんし、実際に太ももプルプルさせるセッションもありません(笑)

実際には自分の座る椅子と誰も座っていない“空の椅子”を用意し、誰も座っていない椅子にもう一人の自分や自分が思いを伝えたい誰かが座っていると仮定し、思いや感情を伝えるという方法がエンプティチェア技法です。

具体的には座る位置をチェンジしながらおこなっていくので、役割交換書簡法(※)に似ていると言えます。

※役割交換書簡法:ロール・レタリング。身近な人物宛に手紙を書かせるが実際には投函せず、手紙を受け取る相手になって自分が返事も書くという手法。その際、徹底的に相手の気持ちや立場になって書くことが条件となっている。

次回はエンプティチェアについて、より具体的に話を進めていきます。

<運営会社:Jiyuuku Inc.

「ゲシュタルト療法【1】」への111件のフィードバック

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