『多様性』どこまで認める?【社会】

メンタル・イデア・ラボ、AEのスミです。

つい先日、LGBTQの人たちに対して首相秘書官が失言し、更迭されたことがありました。この問題がさまざなところで語られる中で度々出てきた言葉が『多様性』でした。

今となっては『多様性』という言葉自体は新しい言葉でもなく、既に耳慣れた言葉として社会的認知を得ていると思います。

ただ、ここで考えたいのは、

では社会は『多様性』を一体どこまで認めればよいのか?

という問題です。

というのも『更迭された首相秘書官が言ったことも、多様性というならば認める、許容することが多様性というものではないのか?』という議論も散見されたからです。

つまり、ある事柄に対する一方の意見は肯定し、一方の意見は否定することは多様性に反する、という論理です。

“私たちは社会として多様性を一体どこまで認めればよいのか?”この問題に今のところ社会的コンセンサスはまだ取れていないように思います。

注意してほしいのは【社会として】どこまで多様性を認めるのか、ということです。個人としての話ではないということです。つまり、個人としてならLGBTQの人たちの存在を否定する人は、いないと言っても過言ではないでしょう。今の時代、LGBTQを否定する人はそれこそマイノリティーではないでしょうか。しかし私個人としては、否定する人がいてもいいと思います。

一方でこれが社会としてとなると、どうやら違うらしいと感じている人もいると思います。社会として多様性を認めることと、個人として多様性を認めることの間にはまだまだ溝がありそうです。

例えば制度を考えてみるとその溝はわかりやすいです。一般的な男女には婚姻制度があります。婚姻すれば法的に夫婦と認められ、独身者とは違う行政サービスを受けることができます。

しかしLGBTQの人たち、この場合とりわけ同性同士の婚姻制度はありません。これは制度がLGBTQの人たちの婚姻を認めていないと考えることができます。つまり法的な結婚ができないということを意味し、その後の行政サービスも受けられないことになります。実質的には婚姻生活であっても同棲生活と同じ扱いと見なされ、法的にはお互い独身者ということです。

社会が多様性を認める難しさは、そういうことなのだろうと思います。

これは著しく個人の権利を侵害しているという見方もできます。人権侵害というと、とても大袈裟に聞こえるかもしれませんが、当事者にしてみれば、人権侵害みたいなものと感じるかもしれません。

制度は個人の権利の侵害があってはならないことに異論はないと思います。そうであるならば、社会としては個人の権利を侵害しない範囲内において、多様性を認めるとしなければ、多様性を盾にどんなことでもやっていい、言っていい、と早計に考える人が出てきかねないと考えます。

ただ思うだけであれば、憲法で内心の自由が保障されているので、例えば“アイツを殺したい”と思うのは自由です。でも実際にSNSなどで公言する、あるいは実行すれば相手の生存権を脅かし、侵害することになるので、多様性からは大きく逸脱すると言えます。もちろん法的にも罰せられます。

多様性のある社会と言っても、闇雲に多様性を認めることは危険で、多様性のある社会の大前提となるのは、個人の権利を侵害しない範囲内、ではないかと思うのです。

最初の話に戻りますが、先の首相秘書官の彼が、例えば個人として私的な友人と居酒屋で言う分には、それは内心の自由の範囲内として、これほど問題にはならないと考えます。しかし公職の立場での発言となると、LGBTQの人へのある意味公式な差別発言となり、人権侵害(存在の否定)として多様性から著しく逸脱した発言と考えます。

いずれの機会に組織(企業)の中で多様性をどこまで認めるかを書きたいと思います。

<運営会社:Jiyuuku Inc.

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